Hello, thanks for your pm OP, here's your answer-

High pass- The speaker will play from here and above
Low pass- the speaker will play from here and below
Band Pass- the speaker will play within the set range of a combined high and low pass
Octave-
There is no set perfect value, but it's a change in multiples or two, and negative multiples of two.( a 1000hz 18db per octave would be a 18db suppression between 1000hz and 500hz)
18db octave crossover-
This means the value of the selected crossover point would taper downwards by 18 decibels per octave.This also means that it introduces a 270 degree phase shift.
24db octave crossover-
This means the value of the selected crossover point would taper downwards by 24 decibels per octave.This also means that it introduces a 360 degree phase shift.
The reason you're switching the input on the crossover to "mono" is simply because music in it's dynamic nature may have front and rear fading.This will merge the signals to create one consistent output, equal in all aspects of left/right and front/rear.
Switching the sub input on makes the sub section take signal from the subwoofer input and not the front/rear inputs.
Phase switch should be set to 0 degrees, please note there was a mistake in my diagram with regards to this!!!!By switching on the "mode" switch to "band-pass", you engage the low-pass for the mid-bass, so the speaker will play from this set frequency to the set high-pass value.EG. if your high-pass is at 90hz, and your low-pass at 1.5khz, the speaker will play between 90hz and 1500hz.
By switching the "frequency multiplier" switch to "x20" you simply multiplied the set high pass for your drivers by 20 times. EG- 50hz set at x20 would be 500hz.
These sharp crossover points may create audible gaps in your system, so they need to be overlapped accordingly.I can't give you your crossover points yet, I need to know what speakers and drivers you are planning to be using in order to select this.
Thanks for the questions,
Team ADT